Sociodemographic Predictors Of Quality Of Life Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients In Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
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Abstract
Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) is a multidimensional concept encompassing subjective evaluations of both positive and negative aspects of life. Diabetes adversely affects a patient's psychological and physical well-being, as well as their social functioning. As a result, the disease often leads to a deterioration in the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions, with expectations that cases will surpass 300 million by 2025. According to the National Morbidity Survey conducted in 2019, the prevalence of diabetes among the population aged 18 and above stands at 9.4%, which equates to about 3.9 million people. Research concerning QOL in Sabah and its associated factors remains limited. This study aims to determine the QOL associated with T2DM in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients at a government health clinic in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, with a sample size of 313. All these patients were actively registered under the National Diabetes Registry Malaysia (NDR) and were receiving treatment at the government clinic. Data, encompassing demographic details and ADDQOL scores, were analyzed using SPSS 28. A significant association was identified between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and quality of life.
Results: The average age of the diabetic patients was 54 years, with a range spanning from 21 to 88 years. The majority of the sample comprised females (55%), those who were married (90.7%), unemployed (37.7%), and had a household income exceeding RM2000 (34.8%). The majority had completed high school (51.8%). The mean (standard deviation, SD) ADDQol-19 average weighted impact score was -4.67(0.13). All 19 domains reflected a negative impact, with living conditions, working life, and family life being particularly affected. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age (adjusted B = 0.03, p = 0.005), out-of-pocket expenses (adjusted B = -0.98, p = 0.003), and occupation (adjusted B = 0.58, p = 0.036) were predictors of quality of life.
Conclusion: T2DM exerts a negative influence on the quality of life of patients across various aspects of their lives. The data suggest that older patients have a better QOL, likely due to adaptation over time. The importance of employment for an enhanced QOL was also underscored in this study.
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References
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