Frequency of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures in Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, “Deemed to be University”, Karad

Abstract

This study investigates the frequency and characteristics of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures at the Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences in Karad. ZMC fractures are a common consequence of traumatic injuries, particularly in the facial region, due to the prominence of the zygoma. The prominence and anatomical complexity of the zygoma contribute to its vulnerability to fractures, leading to structural, functional, and aesthetic implications for the facial skeleton. In the material and methods section, the study outlines its scope, conducted at the school of dental sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, between December 2022 and May 2023. The inclusion of 30 patients in the study provides a substantial sample size for the analysis of ZMC fractures in this specific population. The research methodology involves a comprehensive diagnostic approach, combining clinical and radiological assessments. Clinical evaluations include case history and physical examinations, while radiological assessments encompass various imaging modalities such as PNS view, Water's view, Submentovertex view, OPG, and CT scans. The utilization of these diagnostic tools ensures a thorough understanding of the patterns and characteristics of ZMC fractures in the patient population under study. The results section sheds light on the causes, signs, and symptoms of ZMC fractures observed in the sample. Road traffic accidents emerge as the predominant cause, comprising 53.3% of the cases, highlighting the significant impact of vehicular trauma on facial injuries. Falls, interpersonal violence, sports-related incidents, and work-related accidents contribute to the multifaceted etiology of ZMC fractures. The presentation of signs and symptoms, such as periorbital edema, subconjunctival ecchymosis, pain, step deformity, and flattening of the cheek, provides a detailed clinical profile of ZMC fractures in this population. The prevalence of these manifestations underscores the diverse clinical presentation of ZMC fractures, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach. The study further delves into the treatment aspect, revealing that cases were managed with open reduction and internal fixations under general anesthesia. This choice of intervention aligns with established surgical approaches for ZMC fractures, considering the anatomical complexities and the need for precise reduction and stabilization. The utilization of general anesthesia ensures patient comfort and facilitates the meticulous execution of the surgical procedure. This study at the Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences contributes valuable insights into the frequency, etiology, and clinical presentation of ZMC fractures. The findings align with existing knowledge in the field, emphasizing the prevalence of road traffic accidents as a significant cause and the complexity of clinical manifestations associated with ZMC fractures. The choice of open reduction and internal fixation as the primary treatment modality aligns with established surgical practices. The thorough diagnostic approach, encompassing both clinical and radiological assessments, enhances the robustness of the study's findings. Overall, this research adds to the collective understanding of ZMC fractures and provides a foundation for future studies and advancements in the management of these challenging facial injuries.