Immunotherapy Revolution in Oncology Current Status and Future Directions

Abstract

Immunotherapy, which targets cancer by harnessing the body's immune system, has revolutionized the oncology industry. This review examines immunotherapy's current status and possible use in oncology in the future. The article outlines the various mechanisms of action that immunotherapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and adoptive cell therapies, are founded on. Clinical successes show that immunotherapy can change various tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and hematological malignancies. There are several challenges mentioned, including resistance mechanisms, biomarker identification, accessibility, and immune-related side effects. The research also looks at combination therapies, such as using checkpoint inhibitors in addition to traditional modalities and novel approaches that focus on the tumor microenvironment. Prospective pathways encompass the use of AI, new targets, and targeted immunotherapy. For cancer patients, immunotherapy represents a beacon of hope, contributing to the future reshaping of the oncology scene with a focus on efficacy, precision, and patient-centered care.