The Microbiome-Immune System Crosstalk: Impact on Overall Health

Abstract

Human microbiome, a broad assortment of bacteria in diverse body regions, greatly affects immune responses and health. This study summarizes current knowledge of the microbiome-immune system interaction and human health. It shows how genetics, environment, and lifestyle shape the microbiome. Focus is on how the microbiome affects immune system development and function, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between microbial populations and immune cells. Dysbiosis is linked to inflammatory bowel illness, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic syndromes in the review. Probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are discussed to modulate immune responses and treat related disorders. Finally, precision interventions, multi-omics integration, and ethical considerations are discussed as future promises and problems. This comprehensive analysis highlights the microbiome-immune system axis's importance in human health and focused therapies.