DNA Repair Mechanisms Insights into Cancer Susceptibility and Therapy

Abstract

The maintenance of genomic integrity is largely dependent on DNA repair processes, whose dysregulation frequently raises the risk of cancer and affects the effectiveness of treatment. The purpose of this review is to clarify the complex interactions that exist between cancer formation, DNA repair systems, and treatment outcomes. Important repair pathways like homologous recombination (HR), mismatch repair (MMR), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are examined. Discussion is held regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie these pathways and how they affect the likelihood of developing cancer. We also look at how these pathways may affect cancer therapy, specifically with regard to the development of tailored and targeted medicines. Comprehending the complex correlation between DNA repair mechanisms and the likelihood of getting cancer is essential for creating new therapeutic approaches and enhancing patient outcomes.