Exercise Capability with Total Body Fat Percent & Skeletal Muscle Percent in Male Students aged 18 - 25 Years: A Correlational Study

Article Sidebar

pdf
Published: Sep 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53555/jrtdd.v6i9s.2635
Keywords:
.

Main Article Content

Deepayan Das
Haimanti Goswami

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is considered the greatest health problem in the modern industrial world; the 5th leading risk factors; cause of death in 2004, according to World Health Organization (WHO). It is a medical condition where excess body fat, accumulated in body, exerts adverse effects on health, thus a negative factor for health and longevity in society.


Objectives: To assess aerobic exercise performance; overweight and/or obesity, if any among the studied population and also to assess correlation between exercise capability with total body fat % and skeletal muscle % of the participants. 


Methods: 118 male medical students (18- 25 years of age) were selected for the present study, based on the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria. In this study conducted for 1 year (12 months), Questionnaire method was followed, along with Stadiometer (for height), Weighing machine (for body weight), Mercury Sphygmomanometer and Stethoscope (for blood pressure), Karada scan machine (for total body fat and skeletal muscle %), Treadmill Test machine (for exercise capability including VO2 max and MET), ECG machine (for cardiac health assessment), Anthropometric measurements (for BMI, waist - hip ratio) etc were used. Data obtained were Statistically analyzed to check the level of significance.


Results: Both VO2 max and MET exhibited significant negative correlation with body fat % and BMI, while a significant positive correlation was present with Skeletal muscle %. Similarly, endurance time or TMT showed a significant positive correlation with Skeletal muscle % and a significant negative correlation with both Body fat % and BMI. Significant positive correlation between MET and Skeletal muscle % were observed. Mean value of Body fat % and BMI were higher (statistically significant) in Overweight/Obese subgroup, while Skeletal muscle %, VO2 max, TMT and MET were more in normal BMI subgroup.


Conclusion: The present study concludes that, decreased physical fitness along with excess body fat, leads to a decline in aerobic exercise capability. Low cardio-respiratory fitness in young adults with increased body fat could be a factor for developing cardiovascular co-morbidities later in middle age. Hence, this study is relevant in current scenario.

Article Details

How to Cite
Deepayan Das, & Haimanti Goswami. (2023). Exercise Capability with Total Body Fat Percent & Skeletal Muscle Percent in Male Students aged 18 - 25 Years: A Correlational Study. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(9s), 1856–1871. https://doi.org/10.53555/jrtdd.v6i9s.2635
Issue
Vol. 6 No. 9s (2023)
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Deepayan Das

Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Sri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Sanaka Hospital, Durgapur

Haimanti Goswami

School of Health Sciences, The Neotia University, West Bengal, India; Tel: +91-9163425634

References

Nammi S, Koka S, Chinnala KM, Boini KM. (2004) Obesity: An overview on its current perspectives and treatment options. Nutr J. 3:3.

World Health organization. (2009). Global health risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks.

‘India facing obesity epidemic: experts’. (2007). The Hindu.10-12.

Yadav K, Krishnan A (2008). "Changing patterns of diet, physical activity and obesity among urban, rural and slum populations in north India". Obes Rev. 9 (5): 400-8.

Kissebah A.H. and Krakower G.R. (1994). Regional adiposity and morbidity, Physiol Rev. 74, 761-811.

Matsudo, V, Matsudo, S, Andrade, D. (2002). Promotion of physical activity in a developing country: the Agita São Paulo experience. Public Health Nutr.5: 253–261.

International society for Physical Activity and Health. (2012). http://www.ispah.org/ispahabout

Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2008). Report US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

Brown SP, Miller WC, Eason JM. (2006). Exercise physiology: basis of human movement in health and disease. Baltimore (MD): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

American College of Sports Medicine. (2006). ACSM‘s heath-related physical fitness assessment manual. 2nd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, Chaitman BR, Fletcher GF, Froelicher VF. (2002). ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article: a report of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 106:1883-92.

Diaz EO, Villar J, Immink M, Gonzales T. (1989). Bioimpedance or anthropometry? Eur J Clin Nutr. 43:129-137.

Segal KR, Burastero S, Chun A, Coronel P, Pierson RN Jr, Wang J. (1991). Estimation of extracellular and total body water by multiple-frequency bioelectrical-impedance measurement. Am J Clin Nutr. 54:26-29.

WHO. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO expert committee. WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization. (1997). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity.

Kissebah AH, Videlingum N, Murray R. (1982). Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinal Metab. 54:254-60.

Obesity guidelines in India. The oxford Health Alliance. (2008). URL: http://www.oxha.org/alliance-alert/2008-q4-oct-dec/alert.2008-11-26.9167404146/.

Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology. Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination. (2002). URL: http://www.csep.ca/forms.asp

National health and nutritional examination survey: Cardiovascular fitness procedures manual. URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_05_06/CV.pdf

American College of Sports Medicine. (2006). ACSM‘s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th Ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Braunwald E, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, (2008). Braunwald‘s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 195-218.

Hill J, Timmis A. (2002). ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Exercise tolerance testing. BMJ 324 (7345):1048-7.

Exercise physiology: Basis of Human Movement in Health and Disease. (2006). 2nd Ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.324.

Slinde F, Rossander-Hulthén L (2001). Bioelectrical impedance: effect of 3 identical meals on diurnal impedance variation and calculation of body composition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.74 (4): 474–8.

Kushner RF, Gudivaka R, Schoeller DA (1996). Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64 (3 Suppl): 423S–427S.

Keys A. (1972). Indices of relative weight and obesity. J chronic Dis. 1;25(6):329-43.

Ozcelik O, Aslan M, Ayar A, Kelestimur H. (2004). Effects of body mass index on maximal work production capacity and aerobic fitness during incremental exercise. Physiol Res. 53:165-170.

Sung RYT, Leung SSF, Lee TK, Cheng JCY, Lam PKW, Xu YY. (1999). Cardiopulmonary response to exercise of 8 and 13 year-old Chinese children in Hong Kong: results of a pilot study. HKMJ 5(2):121-7.

Chatrath R, Shenoy R, Serratto M, Thoele DG. (2002). Physical fitness of urban American children. Pediatr Cardiol.23:608-12.

Hulens M, Vansant G, Lysens R, Claessens AL, Muls E. (2001). Exercise capacity in lean versus obese women. Scand J Med Sci Sports.11(5):305-9.

Hulens M, Vansant G, Lysens R, Claessens AL, Muls E. (2003). Predictors of 6- minute walk test results in lean, obese and morbidly obese women. Scand j Med Sci Sports. 13(2):98-105.

Mota J, Flores L, Flores LS, Riberio JC, Santos MP. (2006). Relationship of single measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity in young school children. Am J Hum Biol. 18:335-41.

Marinov B, Kostianev S. (2003). Exercise performance and oxygen uptake efficiency slope in obese children performing standardized exercise. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 27(2-3):59-64.

Mastrangelo AM, Chaloupka CE, Rattigan P. (2008). Cardiovascular fitness in obese versus non-obese 8-11 year old boys and girls. Res Q Exerc Sport.79(3):356-62.

Norman AC, Drinkard B, McDuffie JR, Ghorbani S, Yanoff LB, Yanovski JA. (2005). Influence of excess adiposity on exercise fitness and performance in overweight children and adolescents. Paediatrics.115(6):690-96.

Chatterjee S, Chatterjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. (2005). Cardiorespiratory fitness of obese boys. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 49(3):353-7.

Suhas Y Shirur, Rajeshwari L, Swathi H N. (2014). Study of relationship between cardio-respiratory fitness and obesity in young individuals. Int J Rec Trends Sci Tech.13(1):53-56.

Laxmi CC, Udaya IB, Vinutha Shankar S. (2014). Effect of body mass index on cardiorespiratory fitnessin young healthy males. Int J Sci Res Pub. 4 (2).

Prabha Setty, BV Padmanabha, BR Doddamani. (2013). Correlation between obesity and cardio-respiratory fitness. IJMSPH. 2.298-302.

Tell GS and Vellar OD. (1988). Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents. The Oslo Youth Study.17(1):12-24.

Pibris Peter, Burtnack Carol A, Mckenzie Sonya O, Thayer Jerome. (2010). Trends in body fat, body mass index and physical fitness among male and female college students. Nutrients. 2:1075–85.

P.R.Deshmukh, Anjali N. Shete, Smita S Bute. (2014). A Study of VO2 Max and Body Fat Percentage in Female Athletes. J Clin Diag Res. 8(12): BC01-BC03.

A.R Amani, M.N. Somchit, M.M. B Konting, Kok L Y. (2010). Relationship between Body Fat 5 and Maximal Oxygen Uptake among Young Adults. J Am Sci.6(4):1-4.

Anjali S. Joshi and Kshitija Umesh Patkar. (2011). Comparison of VO2 max in obese and non-obese Young Indian population. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol. 55 (2): 188–192.