Pharmacological Screening Of Ethnomedicinal Plants In Rajasthan
Main Article Content
Abstract
Approximately 6% of the indigenous population of India resides in the state of Rajasthan. Ethnobotany is the study of the historical and traditional relationship between humans and the plant species in their environment. This relationship has been established over time through necessity, intuition, observation, and experimentation. The ethnobotany of India is considered one of the oldest in the world, and all traditional medical practices have their origins in this field. Rajasthan exhibits a high degree of cultural and biological diversity. WHO has acknowledged the significance of traditional medicine in various regions of the world. ca. 3800 plants species have been identified for their use in traditional herbal medicine. The accurate identification of these unrefined drugs in botanical nomenclature has not been conducted or is still a subject of controversy as diverse authors attribute different plant origins to several unrefined drugs. Furthermore, various complex ailments associated with energy, diabetes, and cognitive decline may be effectively treated through the use of herbal remedies, a feat that is typically unattainable through allopathic medicine. Nevertheless, there is a lack of organized record-keeping of this data. Medicinal plants exhibit a wide distribution across various habitats and landscapes.
Article Details
References
Ade, R., & Rai, M.K. 2009. Current Advances in Gloriosa superba L. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 10(4).
Ahmed S, Rahman A, Mathur M, Athar M, Sultana S. 2001. Anti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifolia against experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 39(1):19-28.
Ali, NAA, Juelich, WD, Kusnick, C and Lindequist U. 2001. Screening of Yemni medicinal plants for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74: 173-179.
Amalraj, A.V., 1982. Promising plant resources for Indian Desert. J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 3(2): 349-354.
Badwaik, H., Giri, T. K., Tripathi, D. K., Singh, M., & Khan, A. H. 2011. A Review on Pharmacological Profile for Phytomedicine Known as Gloriosa superba Linn. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2011, 3, 5.
Bhandari, M.M., 1974. Famine Foods of Rajasthan Desert. Econ. Bot., 28: 73-81.
Boopathi CA. 2019. Medicinal & Poisonous Plants of India. MJP Publisher.
Chimahali JO, Jebamalar AN, Duraikannu GA, Thirumal SI. 2019. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity in the whole plant extracts of Gloriosa superba. Phytochemical Analysis. 12(6):245-9.
Chopra, I.C., B.K. Abrol and K.L. Handa, 1960. Medicinal Plants of Arid Zones. Part-I. Res. Ser., 13: 11-53.
Choudhary, K., Singh, M., & Pillai, U. 2008. Ethnobotanical survey of Rajasthan-An update. American-Eurasian Journal of Botany, 1(2):38-45.
Clewer, H. W. B., Green, S. J., & Tutin, F. XCI. 1915. The constituents of Gloriosa superba. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, 107:835-846.
Cordell, GA. 1993. Pharmacognosy. New roots for an old science. In: A. Rahman, and F.Z. Basha (eds.) Studies in natural products chemistry, Vol. 13 Bioactive natural products (Part A). Elsevier.
Dixit, R.D. and R. Mishra, 1976. Studies of ethnobotany-II on some less known medicinal plants of Ajmer forest division, Rajasthan. Nagarjun, 19: 20-22.
Doss A, An SP. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine and Pergularia daemia Linn. African Journal of Plant Science. 7(4):137- 42.
Dvoráčková, S., Sedmera, P., Potěšilová, H., Šantavý, F., & Šimánek, V. 1984. Alkaloids of Gloriosa superba L. Collection of Czechoslovak chemical communications. 49(6): 1536-1542.
Dwivedi, S., Dwivedi, A., & Dwivedi, S. N. 2008. Folklore uses of some plants by the tribes of Madhya Pradesh with special reference to their conservation. Ethnobotanical leaflets. (1): 105.
Edeoga, HO, Okwu, DE and Mbaebie, BO. 2005. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian Medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 685-688.
Elizabeth M., David T.O. and Fred J.E. 1978. Phamnacological methods. Phytother Res. 1:1-7.
Espinoza J, Urzúa A, Sanhueza L, Walter M, Fincheira P, Muñoz P, Mendoza L, Wilkens M. 2019. Essential oil, extracts, and sesquiterpenes obtained from the heartwood of Pilgerodendron uviferum act as potential inhibitors of the Staphylococcus aureus NorA multidrug efflux pump. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10:337.
Esther VC, Saraswathi R, Dhanasekar S. 2012. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities along with x-ray irradiation studies of medicinal plant. Hygrophila auriculata. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 4:352-8.
Fernando MR, Wickramasinghe SN, Thabrew MI, Karunanayaka EH. 1989. A preliminary investigation of the possible hypoglycaemic activity of Asteracanthus longifolia. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 27(1-2):7-14.
Ghosh, S., Harke, A. N., Chacko, M. J., Gurav, S. P., Joshi, K. A., Dhepe, A., & Banerjee, K. 2016. Gloriosa superba mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles for anticancer applications. Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology. 7(390): 2.
Gopinath, K., Karthika, V., Gowri, S., Senthilkumar, V., Kumaresan, S., & Arumugam, A. 2014. Antibacterial activity of ruthenium nanoparticles synthesized using Gloriosa superba L. leaf extract. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 4(1): 83.
Gumustas, M., Polat, D. Ç., Kılıç, C. S., Akalın, K., Ozkan, S. A., & Coşkun, M. 2016. Comparison of Seeds of Colchicum speciosum and Gloriosa superba in respect to Colchicine and Colchicoside Contents by RP-LC. Natural product communications. 11(3): 397-400.
Gupta, R.K and B.K. Dutta, 1967. Vernacular names of the useful plants North-West Indian arid regions. J. Agri. Trop. Bot. Appl., 14: 402-452.
Gupta, R.K. and S.K. Saxena. 1968. Resources Survey of Salvadora olecides and S. persica as oil yielding plants in arid regions of India. Trop. Ecol., 8(2): 140-152.
Gupta, R.K., 1970. Resources survey of Gummiferous Acacias in Western Rajasthan. Trop. Ecol., 10(2): 140-161.
Harshberger, J.W., 1896. The purpose of ethnobotany. Bot. Gaz., 21: 146-158.
Hussain AZ, Kumaresan S. 2013. GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of Hygrophila auriculata. Archives of Applied Science Research. 5(5):163-8.
Indhumathi T and erattarakkal S. 2011. Antioxidant activity of Gloriosa superba against paracetamol induced toxicity in experimental rats. IJPSR. 2(12): 212-215
Jain, S. P., & Singh, J. 2010. Traditional medicinal practices among the tribal people of Raigarh (Chhatisgarh), India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 1(1): 109-115.
John JC, Fernandes J, Nandgude T, Niphade SR, Savla A, Deshmukh PT. 2009. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydroalcoholic extract from Gloriosa superba Linn. IJGP. 3(3).
Joshi, C. S., Priya, E. S., & Mathela, C.S. 2010. Isolation and anti-inflammatory activity of colchicinoids from Gloriosa superba seeds. Pharmaceutical biology. 48(2): 206-209.
Joshi, P., 1982. An Ethnobotanical study of Bhils: A preliminary study. J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 3: 257-266.
Kala, C.P., Farooquee, N.A., & Dhar, U. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodiversity & Conservation. 13(2): 453-469.
Kannan, S., Wesley, S. D., Ruba, A., Rajalakshmi, A. R., & Kumaragurubaran, K. 2007. Optimization of solvents for effective isolation of colchicines from Gloriosa superba L. seeds. Natural product research. 21(5): 469-472.
Kapoor LD. 2018. CRC handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants. CRC press.
Khan, H., Ali Khan, M., Mahmood, T., & Choudhary, M.I. 2008. Antimicrobial activities of Gloriosa superba Linn (Colchicaceae) extracts. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry. 23(6): 855-859.
Khare, C.P. 2004. Indian herbal remedies: rational Western therapy, ayurvedic, and other traditional usage, Botany. Springer science & business media.
King, G., 1869. Notes on famine foods of Marwar. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal: 116-121.
King, G., 1870. Notes on vegetable products used as food during late famine in Rajputana. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 10: 198.
Kirtikar KR. 2003. The poisonous plants of Bombay. Scientific Publishers.
Kisseih E, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Sendker J, Zacharski D, Brandt S, Agyare C, Hensel A. 2015. Phytochemical characterization and in vitro wound healing activity of leaf extracts from Combretum mucronatum Schum. & Thonn.: Oligomeric procyanidins as strong inductors of cellular differentiation. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 174:628-36.
Lingaraju, D. P., Sudarshana, M. S., & Rajashekar, N. 2013. Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional medicinal plants in tribal areas of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. Journal of pharmacy research. 6(2): 284-297.
Mahendran D, Kavi Kishor PB, Geetha N, Manish T, Sahi SV, Venkatachalam P. 2021. Efficient antibacterial/biofilm, anti-cancer and photocatalytic potential of titanium dioxide nanocatalysts green synthesised using Gloriosa superba rhizome extract. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. 16(1):11-30.
Martin, A.J.S., 1983. Medicinal plant in Central, Chile. Econ. Bot., 37(2): 216-217.
Mathur, A., Verma, S. K., Singh, S. K., Mathur, D., Prasad, G. B. K. S., & Dua, V. K. 2011. Investigation of anti-inflammatory properties of Swertia chirayta and Gloriosa superba. Recent Research in Science and technology. 3(3).
Mazumdar UK, Gupta M, Maiti S, Mukherjee D. 1997. Antitumor activity of Hygrophila spinosa on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma-180 induced mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 35(5):473-7.
Merrill Singer, Pamela I. Erickson. 2011. A companion to medical anthropology. A John Wiley and sons’ publication.
Mna, R., Chennamaneni, S. R., & Challa, S.R. 2013. Anti-ulcerogenic Evaluation of Gloriosa Superba Tuber Extracts In-vivo and Anthelmintic Activity In-vitro: A Comparison. Research and Reviews: Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2(4): 73-79.
Mohandass, S., & Indhumathi, T. 2011. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Gloriosa superba against paracetamol treated experimental rats-An in vivo study. Golden Research Thoughts. 1(3): 1-4.
Moteriya, P., Ram, J., Rathod, T., & Chanda, S. 2014. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potential of leaf and stem of Gloriosa superba L. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 2(6): 703-18.
Murty, P.P., & Venkaiah, M. 2010. Some abortifacient plants used by the tribal people of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Phytology. 2(4): 7-12.
Naika, H.R., Lingaraju, K., Manjunath, K., Kumar, D., Nagaraju, G., Suresh, D., & Nagabhushana, H. 2015. Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Gloriosa superba L. extract and their antibacterial activity. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 9(1): 7-12.
Nair DV, Shridhar NB, Jayakumar K. 2015. Evaluation of anticancer activity of Asteracantha longifolia in 7,12-Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in Sprague Dawley rats. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases. 5(1):28.
Nair, R, Kalariya, T and Chanda S. 2005. Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora. Turk. J. Biol. 29: 41-47.
Nathawat, G.S. and B.D. Deshpande, 1960. Plants of economic importance from Rajasthan. Proc. Rajasthan Acad. Sci., 7: 38-47.
Nfambi J, Bbosa GS, Sembajwe LF, Gakunga J, Kasolo JN. 2015. Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology. 26(6):603-11.
Padmapriya, S., Rajamani, K., & Sathiyamurthy, V.A. 2015. Glory lily (Gloriosa superba L.)-A review. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 7: 43-49.
Paradkar PH, Mishra LS, Joshi JV, Dandekar SP, Vaidya RA, Vaidya AB. 2017. In vitro macrophage activation: A technique for screening anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer activity of phytomolecules. 133-141.
Paroda, R.S., 1979. Plant resources of Indian arid Zone for Industrial Uses. In Arid Land Plant Resources, Eds. Goodin J.R. and D.K. Northinfton, Texas Tech. University: 261-281.
Pascual, ME, Carretero, ME, Slowing, KV and Villar, A. 2002. Simplified screening by TLC of plant drugs. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(2): 139-143.
Patil, G.G., Mali, P.Y., & Bhadane, V.V. 2008. Folk remedies used against respiratory disorders in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. Natural product radiance. 7(4): 354-358.
Patra A, Jha S, Murthy P. 2009. Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Hygrophila spinosa T. anders. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 3(6): 330.
Pattanaik, C., Reddy, C. S., & Murthy, M.S.R. 2008. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Didayi tribe of Malkangiri district of Orissa, India. Fitoterapia. 79(1): 67-71.
Pattanayak SP and Sunita P. 2008. Antitumor potency and toxicology of an Indian Ayurvedic plant, Hygrophila spinosa. Pharmacologyonline. 2(1):361-71.
Pawar, B.M., Wavhal, V.P., Pawar, N.D., Agarwal, M.R., Shinde, P.B., & Kamble, H.V. 2010. Anthelmintic activity of Gloriosa superba Linn (Liliaceae). International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2(2): 1483-1487.
Peters, C., I.L. Gentry, R.O. Schneider, G. Platais, D. Rosenblatt and Mendelsohn, 1989. Valuation of an Amazonian rainforest. Nature, 29: 655.
Petlevski R, Flajs D, Kalođera Z, Končić MZ. 2013. Composition and antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic Pelargonium radula extracts. South African Journal of Botany. 85:17-22.
Raheja, P.C. and A.K. Sen, 1964. Resources in prospective. In Recent Development in Rajasthan, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur: 141-146.
Rastogi A, Shankar SR, Mahalingam GA. 2014. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and in vitro anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Hygrophila auriculata. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6(5):557-60.
Rehan, A., Srivastava, S. P., Rakesh, M., Rajendran, S. M., Arya, K. R., & Srivastava, A. K. 2010. Antihyperglycaemic activity of certain medicinal plants. National Journal of Life Sciences, 7(1): 17-20.
Rokade, S. S., Joshi, K. A., Mahajan, K., Patil, S., Tomar, G., Dubal, D.S. & Ghosh, S. 2018. Gloriosa superba Mediated Synthesis of Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles for Induction of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer. Bioinorganic chemistry and applications.
Samal, P.K. 2013. Hepatoprotective Activity of Gloriosa superba on Liver Damage Caused by CCL4 in Rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 3(4): 194-197.
Samy RP, Thwin MM, Gopalakrishnakone P, Ignacimuthu S. 2008. Ethnobotanical survey of folk plants for the treatment of snakebites in Southern part of Tamilnadu, India. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 115(2): 302-12.
Saradhadevi, M., Gnanadesigan, M., Kapildev, G., & Vasanth, D. 2017. Dataset on antitumor properties of silver nanoparticles from Gloriosa superba (L.) seed on Dalton Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) tumor: Facile and biocompatible approach. Data in brief, 14, 524-530.
Sarvananda L & Premarathna AD. 2018. Ethnopharmacolological potential and medicinal uses of Hygrophila auriculata. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine. 4(4): 185-8.
Schmelzer, G. H., & Gurib-Fakim, A. 2008. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 11 (1). Medicinal Plants 1. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Schultes, R.E., 1992. Ethnobotany and technology in the Northwest Amazon: A partnership. In Sustainable harvest and marketing of rain forest products, Eds. Plotkin and Famolare, Island Press, CA: 45-76.
Senthilkumar, M. 2013. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Gloriosa superba Linn. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 5(1): 31-36.
Shahid M, Shahzad A, Malik A, Sahai A. 2013. Recent trends in biotechnology and therapeutic applications of medicinal plants. New Delhi: Springer.
Sharma, S., Sharma, Y.P., & Bhardwaj. 2019. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Determination and Quantification of Colchicine in Gloriosa superba. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry: 1-9.
Simon S.E. & Jayakumar, F.A. 2016. Antioxidant activity and Anticancer study on phytochemicals extract from tubers of Gloriosa superba against human cancer cell (HEP-G2). Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: 7-12.
Singh, V. and B.B. Shetty, 1977. A Survey of natural plant resources in Rajasthan Desert. Trans. Isdt. Ucds. 2(2): 296-305.
Singh, V. and R.P. Pandey. 1982. Fiber yielding plants of Rajasthan. J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 3: 385-390.
Srivastava, S., Misra, A., Shukla, P. K., Kumar, B., Lata, S., & Rawat, A. K. S. 2014. A validated over pressured layered chromatography (OPLC) method for separation and quantification of colchicine in Gloriosa superba (L.) tubers from different geographical regions. RSC Advances. 4(105): 60902-60906.
Srivastava, T.N. 1977. Forest resources of Rajasthan. Natural Resources of Rajasthan, 1: 151-164.
Sudarshan SR. 1985. Encyclopaedia of Indian Medicine. Popular Prakashan.
Suryavanshi, S., Rai, G., & Malviya, S.N. 2012. Evaluation of anti-microbial and anthelmintic activity of Gloriosa superba tubers. Advance Research in Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals, 2(1): 45-52.
Tan WS, Arulselvan P, Karthivashan G, Fakurazi S. 2015. Moringa oleifera flower extract suppresses the activation of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-κB pathway. Mediators of inflammation.
Thakur, V., Choudhary, M., Garg, A., Choudhary, N., Jangra, A. and Budhwar, V. 2015. Evaluation of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves from the Endangered Medicinal Plant gloriosa superba linn. colchicaceae) for its Potential Antidiabetic Effect. Archives of Medicine. 7:6-8.
Thorve VS, Kshirsagar AD, Vyawahare NS, Thakurdesai PA, Bhandare AM. 2012. H. Spinosa T. Anders ameliorates diabetic neuropathy in wistar albino rats. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. 9(1):1-7.
Trivedi, P.C. 2006. Medicinal plants: traditional knowledge. IK International Pvt Ltd.
Vedavathy S. 2003. Scope and importance of traditional medicines. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2(3): 236-23.
Venugopalan P and Nimisha CN. 2019. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hygrophila spinosa T Anders root extracts. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 5(5):959-63.
Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R, Rao GM, Rao CV, Shirwaikar A, Mehrotra S, Pushpangadan P. 2006. Action of Hygrophila auriculata against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 104(3):356-61.
Vyas N, and Raval M. 2015. Quantification of two marker compounds from unsaponifiable matter of Hygrophila spinosa seeds using validated TLC-densitometric method. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.
Vyas, D.N. and R.S. Gupta, 1962. An annotated list of medicinal plants of Alwar, Rajasthan-I, Proc. Raj. Acad. Sci., 9(2): 49-52.
Zita T. 1997. Health care the herbal way. Eastern Pharmacist. 8:71.