A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic compound and Conventional Antibiotics in Antibacterial Resistance:
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a formidable challenge in contemporary healthcare, necessitating innovative strategies to combat resistant pathogens. One promising approach involves the development of synthesized chemical compounds tailored to overcome resistance mechanisms and enhance antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes current research on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of such compounds as potential therapeutics against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The design of synthesized compounds involves a rational approach, leveraging structural insights into bacterial resistance mechanisms and targeting essential cellular processes. Chemical synthesis techniques enable the creation of diverse compound libraries with varied structural scaffolds and functional groups, optimizing antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Evaluation of synthesized compounds encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies to assess efficacy, toxicity, and mechanisms of action. These studies reveal promising candidates with potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as emerging threats such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, synthesized compounds exhibit synergistic effects when combined with existing antibiotics, overcoming resistance mechanisms, and restoring their efficacy. Combinatorial approaches also mitigate the development of resistance and broaden the spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Overall, the development of synthesized chemical compounds represents a valuable strategy in addressing antibiotic resistance and revitalizing the antimicrobial armamentarium. Future research directions include further optimization of compound properties, elucidation of resistance mechanisms, and clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy in human populations. With continued innovation and collaboration across disciplines, synthesized compounds hold promise as a vital tool in the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant infections.
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References
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