A Systematic Review On Arsenic Induced Toxicity: Conventional To Modern Approach.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent cardiovascular toxicant associated with numerous biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in exposed human populations. Arsenic is also a carcinogen, yet arsenic trioxide is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyeloid leukaemia (APL). The therapeutic use of arsenic is limited due to its severe cardiovascular side effects. Many of the toxic effects of arsenic are mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and related to arsenic’s effect on oxidative stress and ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of Ischemic preconditioning against arsenic induced cardiovascular dysfunction. ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process causing postischemic organ dysfunction and cell death, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.1 Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), on the other hand, is the phenomenon whereby an organ supposedly becomes more resistant to IRI following multiple reversible episodes of ischemia and reperfusion effectively reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cardiovascular cells and tissues. In addition, we propose that IPC have the potential to improve the cardiovascular health of millions of people chronically exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations through contaminated water supplies or used to treat certain types of leukemAs. Importantly, we identify conceptual gaps in research and development of new mito-protective antioxidants and suggest avenues for future research to improve bioavailability of antioxidants and distribution to target tissues in order reduce arsenic-induced cardiovascular toxicity in a real-world context.
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References
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