The Mangroves Of Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines: Study On The Vegetation And Biomass Level
Main Article Content
Abstract
Mangroves are group of salt-tolerant trees, shrubs, and plants that thrive in the brackish to saline tidal waters of tropical and subtropical coastlines. They provide essential environmental services and critical ecological functions that impact both land and sea resources. Despite their immense value, mangrove ecosystems are globally under threat . To ensure the preservation of these vital ecosystems, it is imperative to enhance the understanding of mangrove biology and ecology. Comprehensive assessments are needed to identify species composition, evaluate biomass production, and implement conservation measures to safeguard these invaluable habitats. This study aims to provide baseline data regarding the ecology, distribution, and carbon sink potentials of the abovementioned tree species. Allometric and vegetation analysis were used to collect baseline data regarding the status of mangroves in the Municipality of Bongabong, Oriental Mindor, Philippines. The mangrove sites in Bongabong boast high diversity, hosting around 17 species of mangroves from 8 families that are classified as true mangrove species. Based on the data, Sonneratia alba was notable as the most dominant species, boasting an impressive Importance Value Index (IVI) of 96.81%. Followed by Avicennia marina, with a respectable IVI of 52.67%, while Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata hold their IVIs of 30.31% and 28.96% respectively. Meanwhile, the total aboveground biomass of Bongabong mangroves is 95.4 tons/ha, and a specific area stands out for its high biomass production is the Sukol River with 45.6 tons/ha. There should be a substantial baseline data collection to create a better strategy in conserving and protecting the mangroves.
Article Details
References
Agustriani F. , Iskandar I., Yazid M., Fauziyah. (2023). Economic Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystem Services in Sembilang National Park of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences. 2023 Feb 28;50(1):66-156.
Bimrah K., Dasgupta R., Hashimoto S., Saizen I., Dhyani S. (2022). Ecosystem Services of Mangroves: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Contemporary Scientific Literature, Vol. 14, Sustainability (Switzerland). MDPI
Garcia, K. B., Malabrigo, P. L., & Gevaña, D. T. (2014). Philippines’ mangrove ecosystem: Status, threats and conservation. In Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia: Status, Challenges and Management Strategies (pp. 81–94). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8582-7_5
Hamilton, S. E., & Casey, D. (2016). Creation of a high spatio-temporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21st century (CGMFC-21). Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25(6), 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12449
Hossain, M., Siddique, M. R. H., Saha, S., & Abdullah, S. M. R. (2015). Allometric models for biomass, nutrients and carbon stock in Excoecaria agallocha of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 23(4), 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9419-1
Jones, T. G., Ratsimba, H. R., Ravaoarinorotsihoarana, L., Cripps, G., & Bey, A. (2014).
Ecological segregation of the late jurasic stegosaurian and iguanodontian dinosaurs of the morrison formation in north america: Pronounced or subtle? Forests, 5(1), 177–205. https://doi.org/10.3390/f5010177
Lee, S. Y., Primavera, J. H., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Mckee, K., Bosire, J. O., Cannicci, S., Diele, K., Fromard, F., Koedam, N., Marchand, C., Mendelssohn, I., Mukherjee, N., & Record, S. (2014). Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: A reassessment. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23(7), 726–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12155
Middeljans, M. (2015). The species composition of the mangrove forest along the Abatan River in Lincod, Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines and the mangrove forest structure and its regeneration status between managed and unmanaged Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb). 10.13140/RG.2.1.1870.1280.
Nabi, A., & Brahmaji Rao P. (2012). Analysis of mangrove vegetation of Machilipatnam coastal region, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 1754-1763. https://doi.org/10.6088/ijes.00202030058
Nellemann, C., Corcoran E., Duarte C.M., Valdés L., De Young C., Fonseca L., Grimsditch G. (2009). Blue Carbon: A Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal. 35-43 pp.
Parvaresh, H., Abedi, Z., Farshchi, P., Karami, M., Khorasani, N., & Karbassi, A. (2011).
Bioavailability and concentration of heavy metals in the sediments and leaves of grey mangrove, avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh, in Sirik Azini creek, Iran. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(2), 1121–1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8891-y
Pillai, N. G., & Harilal, C. (2018). Inventory on the diversity and distribution of Mangroves from the coastal ecosystems of Kerala State, India. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 9(2), 24002-24007. https://doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0902.1579
Primavera J.H. (2013). Field Guide to Philippine Mangroves. Zoological Society of London.4-36 pp. www.zsl.org
Primavera J. H. (2000). Development and conservation of Philippine mangroves: institutional issues. Ecological Economics 35:91-106.
Richards, D. R., & Friess, D. A. (2016). Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000-2012. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(2), 344–349. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510272113
Raunkiaer, C. (1934).The Life forms of Plants and Statistical Geography. Claredon , Oxford, Pp.632
Sitorus, H., Lesmana, I., Tarigan, R., & Hasan Sitorus, C. (2017). Relationship of mangrove density with fish diversity in the waters of mangrove area at Lubuk Kertang Village, Langkat District of North Sumatera. ~ 266 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(5), 266–271. www.fisheriesjournal.com
Soares, M. L. G. (2009). A Conceptual Model for the Responses of Mangrove Forests to Sea Level Rise. In Source: Journal of Coastal Research: Vol. I (Issue 56). https://www.jstor.org/stable/25737579?seq=1&cid=pdf-
Tomilinson, P.B. (1986): The Botany of mangroves. Cambridge University Press