Effect of marma therapy on Musculoskeletal health and Psychological wellbeing of computer operators

Abstract

The prevalence of musculoskeletal and psychological conditions among computer operators is a significant concern, as these professionals are often exposed to prolonged periods of sedentary work and repetitive tasks, which can lead to various health issues. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are notably prevalent among computer operators. Research indicates that these individuals frequently experience discomfort and pain in the neck, shoulders, and upper limbs due to prolonged computer use and poor ergonomic practices like a study highlights that computer operators often report neck and shoulder pain, which is attributed to sustained static postures and repetitive movements.^1–4 Specific studies report neck pain (51-64%), shoulder pain (30-41%), and lower back pain (42%) as common issues. ^3–6

Studies reported that there are Psychosocial Factors and Job Strains like High job strain and negative working atmosphere are significant risk factors for developing musculoskeletal symptoms, especially in the neck and shoulders. Researches are also of opinion that Stress and psychosocial factors, such as job demands, lack of job control, and emotional exhaustion, are also linked to higher incidences of MSDs.^5–8

Malińska's study points out that computer operators are at an increased risk of developing stress-related conditions due to the high cognitive demands and lack of physical activity associated with their work. ³ Mental disorders, including stress and anguish, are reported among computer operators, though at lower rates compared to musculoskeletal issues. ^2,7Psychological stress is often intertwined with physical symptoms, exacerbating the overall health burden^7–9.

Anareh and ZohoorAlinia further elaborate on the psychological strain experienced by these workers, noting that prolonged exposure to computer screens and the pressure to meet deadlines can exacerbate feelings of anxiety and depression ¹⁰. Moreover, the interplay between musculoskeletal and psychological conditions is significant. For example, Serbia Jelena's research suggests that the physical discomfort from MSDs can lead to increased stress levels, creating a vicious cycle that affects overall well-being ^[5]. This is supported by findings from Rana et al., who report that the presence of musculoskeletal pain can negatively impact mental health, leading to decreased job satisfaction and productivity.¹¹ Additionally, Bugajska et al. point out that individual factors such as age, gender, and pre-existing health conditions can influence the prevalence and severity of these disorders, suggesting the need for personalized interventions¹²

Traditional medical treatments, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, are often recommended for managing MSDs. However, these approaches can have limitations, such as side effects and incomplete pain relief ^13,14. Due to this complementary therapies are  often explored which offer a non-invasive alternative that can enhance symptom management and potentially prevent the need for surgery.¹³ These therapies include a range of interventions such as myofascial trigger release, icing, infrared therapy, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, stretch release, aqua therapy, taping, acupuncture, Marma therapy , yoga, naturopathay, etc. which have shown significant pain reduction and improved functionality in patients  and potentially preventing or postponing surgeries for musculoskeletal complaints^13–15 Moreover, Naturopathy and yoga, focusing on lifestyle correction, therapeutic fasting, diet modifications, hydrotherapy, mud therapy, massage, and exercise therapy, have been effective in managing various musculoskeletal conditions, including rotator cuff tendonitis and knee osteoarthritis, by improving pain, functional status, and quality of life. ¹⁶

Marma therapy, an ancient Ayurvedic practice, involves stimulating specific anatomical points known as Marmas, which are considered vital for the flow of life energy (Prana) in the body. These points are intersections of muscles, veins, ligaments, bones, and joints, and their stimulation is believed to have therapeutic effects on both psychological and musculoskeletal conditions ^17,18. In terms of musculoskeletal conditions, particularly osteoarthritis of the knee (Janu Sandhigata Vata), Marma therapy has shown promising results. Studies have demonstrated that integrating Marma therapy with other Ayurvedic treatments like Janu Basti (a localized oil treatment) can significantly alleviate symptoms such as pain (Shoola), swelling (Shotha), stiffness (Stabdhata), and crepitus (Atopa)^19–21. These studies involved applying Marma therapy to specific points on the legs, which resulted in improved subjective and objective measures, including the WOMAC Index, range of motion, and walking time. The therapy not only provided short-term relief but also facilitated long-term self-management of symptoms, as evidenced by follow-up studies where patients continued to experience benefits from self-administered Marma therapy and massage.²¹ Psychologically, Marma therapy is suggested to have benefits due to its holistic approach, which aligns with the principles of Ayurveda that emphasize the balance of body, mind, and spirit. Although specific studies on the psychological effects of Marma therapy are limited, the general therapeutic benefits of Marma stimulation in alleviating pain and improving physical function can indirectly enhance mental well-being by reducing stress and improving quality of life.¹⁸ The ancient texts and recent studies suggest that Marma therapy can be effective in treating various physical and mental disorders, although more focused research is needed to substantiate these claims specifically for psychological conditions ¹⁷. To address this issue the study is planed with following aim and objectives.