THE IMPORTANCE OF PARADA AND ITS SANSKARA IN RASASHASTRA – AN AYURVEDIC PROSPECTIVE

Abstract

Rasashastra, a specialized branch of Ayurvedic science, deals extensively with the preparation and application of mercurial, metallic, and mineral-based medicinal formulations. This discipline not only outlines the procedures for manufacturing these potent medicines but also provides clear guidance on dosage, indications, contraindications, and potential adverse effects, especially if these medicines are not prepared or used correctly according to classical texts. Medicines in Rasashastra are typically categorized into three major classes based on their origin: Natural origin – comprising plant-based ingredients. Animal origin – including substances derived from animals. Metal and mineral origin – involving various metals and minerals, used to promote health and well-being. Historically, natural products have been extensively used in all branches of Ayurveda, reflecting their widespread availability and therapeutic efficacy. Among these, Parada (mercury) holds a special place in Rasashastra due to its unique medicinal and alchemical properties. Samskara, in the context of Rasashastra, refers to the transformative processes or procedures applied to substances to enhance their properties. This qualitative alteration improves, enriches, or modifies the material, often aimed at reducing harmful effects or achieving a desired therapeutic outcome. In the case of Parada, these Samskara procedures are essential for making mercury suitable for medicinal and alchemical purposes. In Ayurvedic literature and Rasashastra, Parada (mercury) is revered for its mystical and therapeutic significance. It is primarily employed for two purposes: Deha-vadha – for medicinal purposes and body rejuvenation. Loh-vadha – for alchemical transformations, including occult and spiritual enhancement. To fully realize the potential of Parada, classical Ayurvedic texts describe the need for performing Ashta Samskara (the Eight Samskaras), which are essential purification and processing techniques for mercury. These eight Samskaras are mandatory for preparing mercury for medicinal purposes (Deha-vadha), ensuring its safety and efficacy when used for body rejuvenation. In the present article, an effort is made to explore and explain the practical aspects of the Ashta Samskaras of Parada, focusing on their role in ensuring the safe and effective use of mercury in Ayurvedic medicine.