Salivary Biomarkers: A Noninvasive Revolution in Periodontal Disease Diagnosis
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Abstract
Early detection of periodontal disease is critical for effective treatment and preventing complications. In recent years, salivary biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseases, offering a noninvasive and easily accessible diagnostic medium. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, and traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical and radiographic assessments, provide limited information about disease activity and future risk. Saliva, however, contains a rich array of biomarkers, including immunological, enzymatic, microbial, and inflammatory markers, which can reflect both oral and systemic health. This review explores the role of salivary biomarkers, including specific markers like immunoglobulins, enzymes, and cytokines, in assessing periodontal disease. It also discusses the potential of emerging technologies, such as microfluidic devices, in improving the diagnostic utility of saliva for periodontal health. Despite some challenges, the growing interest in saliva as a diagnostic tool holds promise for more precise and personalized periodontal care.
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References
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