Diagnostic And Therapeutic Principles of Agadatantra in Ashtanga Samgraha: An Underexplored Treasure of Ayurvedic Toxicology

Abstract

Background: Agadatantra, a vital branch of Ayurveda, deals with the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning from natural and artificial sources. While Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas have been extensively studied in this context, Ashtanga Samgraha by Acharya Vagbhata remains relatively underexplored, despite its concise and clinically valuable content in the Uttarasthana section. This text presents a structured, applicable, and ethically sound approach to Ayurvedic toxicology. Objectives: To explore the diagnostic indicators, poison classifications, therapeutic strategies, and ethical imperatives outlined in Ashtanga Samgraha under the discipline of Agadatantra, and to highlight its practical relevance in contemporary Ayurvedic education and clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive literary research study based on a critical review of Ashtanga Samgraha, especially the Uttarasthana. Comparative analysis was done with Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, along with supportive review from classical commentaries and contemporary Ayurvedic toxicology literature. Results: Ashtanga Samgraha provides a simplified yet comprehensive diagnostic framework through its classification of poisons (Sthavara, Jangama, Krutrima), detailed symptomatology (Vishalakshana), and clear therapeutic guidelines, including Agada Yogas and Panchakarma interventions. It also addresses seasonal variations, physician responsibilities, and preventive care, making it a practical guide for both learners and clinicians. Conclusion: Acharya Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Samgraha is a systematically structured yet underutilized text in Agadatantra. Its diagnostic precision, therapeutic clarity, and ethical emphasis make it a valuable addition to the Ayurvedic toxicological corpus. Its integration into mainstream Ayurvedic curriculum can enhance both clinical competency and academic depth.