Lifestyle-Based Approaches To Improving Quality Of Life In Anorectal Disorders: A Narrative Review
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Anorectal disorders (hemorrhoids, anal fissures, functional anorectal pain, fecal incontinence, and outlet dysfunction constipation) are prevalent and significantly impair patient quality of life (QoL). While procedural interventions are often utilized, lifestyle modification is a cornerstone of prevention and chronic management. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the impact of lifestyle-based strategies on symptom burden and QoL.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published up to [Date]. Keywords included "anorectal disorders," "lifestyle modification," "quality of life," "dietary fiber," "pelvic floor," and "biofeedback." Emphasis was placed on systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and clinical guidelines.
Results: The pathophysiological mechanisms of anorectal disorders (e.g., altered bowel habits, increased intra-abdominal pressure, pelvic floor dysfunction) are strongly influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. Evidence supports several key interventions: 1) Dietary modification, particularly increased soluble fiber intake (25-35 g/day) and adequate hydration, improves stool consistency and reduces straining, alleviating symptoms of hemorrhoids and fissures. 2) Bowel habit training, including scheduled defecation and avoiding prolonged straining, promotes regularity. 3) Physical activity and weight management reduce intra-abdominal pressure and constipation risk. 4) Structured pelvic floor therapies, especially biofeedback, are first-line for functional defecation disorders and fecal incontinence, improving neuromuscular coordination and QoL. 5) Psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) address comorbid anxiety and maladaptive coping, which exacerbate symptoms like pain and incontinence.
Conclusions: Lifestyle-based approaches target the fundamental pathophysiology of anorectal disorders and are essential for improving long-term patient outcomes and QoL. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered model integrating dietary advice, behavioral training, physical activity, and psychological support should be a foundational component of clinical management. Future research should prioritize high-quality RCTs with standardized QoL outcomes and explore digital health tools to enhance adherence.
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References
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