Spectrum of Thyroid Dysfunction and Its Association with Metabolic and Lifestyle Factors
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Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is a clinically significant endocrine imbalance that may be related to metabolic control and health risk (lifestyle). This paper has explored the range of thyroid dysfunction and the correlation of metabolic and lifestyle factors with thyroid dysfunction using a structured data set of 2,000 records of participants. Thyroid status was divided into euthyroid/normal, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension were considered as metabolic indicators, whereas smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, sleep duration, stress level, diet quality, and iodine intake were the lifestyle factors. Patterns of thyroid dysfunction and associated risk patterns were measured using descriptive statistics, group-wise comparisons, and association analysis. Comprehensively, 70.4 percent of the respondents were euthyroid/normal and 29.6 percent presented thyroid dysfunction. The thyroid dysfunction was commonest amongst those with a history of diabetes (40.3%), and those with a history of high stress levels, high blood pressure, overweight and high intake of iodine. Participants with thyroid dysfunction were found to have more BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol triglycerides, TSH, and TPOAb with slightly reduced Free T4 compared to those with normal thyroid functioning. These results suggest that thyroid dysfunction correlates with the poor metabolic profile and with a chosen risk factor that is related to lifestyle. The researchers emphasize the importance of combined thyroid, metabolic, and lifestyle evaluation as the means of detecting patients at a higher risk of endocrine and cardiometabolic diseases.
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References
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