Investigation of the Physiological Strongness in Effect of Pregnancy on Thyroid Hormones among Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy serves as the thyroid's stress test. Thyroid disorders are quite prevalent among expectant mothers. 10% of expecting mothers have subclinical hypothyroidism. Anemia, low birth weight, and newborn mental damage are all brought on by prenatal hypothyroidism. The results of this study will evaluate mother and fetus outcomes in pregnant women with impaired thyroid function. The purpose of this study is to establish a relationship between decreased thyroid function and adverse consequences on both the mother and the fetus.

Methods: At the private hospital in Babylon City, a prospective study has been conducted. The 198 pregnant participants in this study who were hospitalized to the obstetric ward in the third trimester of a singleton pregnancy provided information. Women were picked without regard to their age, location, or social standing. Women with thyroid disorders, other medical issues, or multiple pregnancies were prohibited. T3 , T4, and TSH  were measured as well as the hematological analyses. The conditions that potentially affect either the mother or the fetus were then evaluated in women with abnormal thyroid function tests. Menstrual cycle pattern, previous abortions, family history of thyroid disorders, history of infertility, level of hemoglobin, and fetal expected result were the variables in this study.

Results: Thyroid disorders are prevalent (11% of people have them), with subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism affecting 5.6, 3.5, and 1.5% of people, respectively. Anemia was observed in 26.3% of women with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, and anemia and hypothyroidism were substantially correlated (p = 0.008).Hypothyroidism was statistically linked to poor fetal outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW) (31.6%), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization (42.1%), and low APGAR Score (21.1%, p =0.042). When compared to women who are euthyroid, the risks of anemia, low birth weight, NICU hospitalizations, and low APGAR score were 4.8, 6.3, 0.14,and 3.64 times greater, respectively, in women with hypothyroidism.

Conclusion: 5.6% of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism throughout the third trimester. Hypothyroidism and anemia, preeclampsia, high cesarean rates,and neonatal morbidities all show significant relationships.