Genetic and Psychology Factors Involved in the Cariogenic Process: A Literature Review

Abstract

Dental caries is a dynamic and multifactorial chronic disease, which has a prevalence of up to 80% in South American countries, so it is the focus of multiple investigations based on elucidating the genetic model of this pathology which would contribute to a personalized treatment and diagnosis of the same, this model proposes four pillars around the susceptibility to this pathology,  the first of them is based on the genes involved in the development of enamel finding AMEL, ENAM, AMBN, MMP TUFT1 and KLK4, passing through the genes associated with taste whose polymorphisms are TAS1R2 and TAS1R3, in this same line are the genes associated with signaling pathways RPS6KA2, PTK2B, TLR2 and BTF3 and finally the genes of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA),  although there are several polymorphisms associated with susceptibility, some need to present a specific isoform, a mutation or a cofactor to trigger an imbalance in the oral environment that leads to the genesis of caries.