Gingival Manifestations in Pregnant Patients and How they Affect the Psychology in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Abstract

During pregnancy, it is common for pregnant women to present gingival manifestations, especially in the third trimester, due to hormonal factors, the increase in progesterone causes dilation of the capillaries of the mucosa, hyperemia and edema. The objective of the study was to determine the gingival manifestations that affect pregnant patients during the third trimester. A bibliographic review was carried out where the results of the analysis of the fifteen selected articles that were related to the theme were described. The main digital platforms such as Scielo and Pubmed were used. Among the main results, it was found that pregnant women can present mild to severe gingivitis, due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque, because during pregnancy, oral hygiene is inadequate in many women due to the nausea and vomiting they present, which makes them neglect their oral health. It was also found that late treatment causes gingival manifestations to evolve towards damage to the root cement, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, hence the importance of promotion and prevention by the dentist. It was concluded that the main gingival manifestations presented by pregnant women are mucosal lesions that include mild to severe gingivitis; periodontal pathologies, especially chronic periodontitis, determined by hormonal changes in women during pregnancy and inadequate oral hygiene.