Virtual Reality in Education: An Investigation of its Effectiveness in Enhancing Learning Outcomes in Higher Education

Abstract

Background: Virtual reality (VR) technology has gained increasing attention for its potential to enhance teaching and learning through immersive and experiential simulations. However, research on its impact in higher education contexts remains limited.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of VR-based learning on student learning outcomes and explore student attitudes toward VR technology compared to traditional instruction.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized with 60 higher education students randomly assigned to a VR group (n=30) or control group (n=30). The VR group learned through immersive VR simulations while the control group received traditional teaching. Pretest-posttest assessments measured learning outcomes. Surveys evaluated student attitudes and experiences.

Results: The VR group showed substantially greater gains on posttest performance versus the control group (p<0.001). Surveys revealed positive student attitudes toward VR technology, with most finding it effective, engaging, and enjoyable. However, some students reported challenges navigating VR.

Conclusion: VR-based learning appears to significantly enhance higher education students' learning outcomes and foster positive perceptions compared to traditional instruction alone. However, optimal integration requires addressing accessibility barriers and aligning VR with pedagogical goals. Further research should investigate long-term impacts, ideal design features, and effective implementation strategies.