Analysis Of Hazardous Level Of Arsenic Metal Ion In Boro Rice And Wheat Available In Endemic Areas Of Nadia District; West Bengal, India
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Research over past two decades has indicated the presence of Arsenic with consumption f rice and wheat.
The present research was conducted on human health effects, including chronic toxicity of arsenic in West Bengal, India.
Results: Arsenic content in the Haringhata region samples were found as 55 ug/l in Ground water, 41 ug/l in Soil sample, 30 ug/l in Boro Rice, 20 ug/l in Wheat, 24 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Chakdaha region samples were found as 50 ug/l in Ground water, 44 ug/l in Soil sample, 35 ug/l in Boro Rice, 19 ug/l in Wheat, 25 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Ranaghat region samples were found as 56 ug/l in Ground water, 39 ug/l in Soil sample, 30 ug/l in Boro Rice, 20 ug/l in Wheat, 25 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Shantipur region samples were 55 ug/l in Ground water, 45 ug/l in Soil sample, 34 ug/l in Boro Rice, 25 ug/l in Wheat, 27 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Krishna Nagar region samples were found as 54 ug/l in Ground water, 43 ug/l in Soil sample, 32 ug/l in Boro Rice, 21 ug/l in Wheat, 24 ug/l in Potato.
Conclusion: This research reveals that Levels of arsenic content were highest in the groundwater compared to soil, in all the selected regions. The arsenic content in groundwater increases the arsenic contamination which affects serious threats to human health.
Keywords: Arsenic; toxicity; health effects; analysis
Background: Research over past two decades has indicated the presence of Arsenic with consumption f rice and wheat.
The present research was conducted on human health effects, including chronic toxicity of arsenic in West Bengal, India.
Results: Arsenic content in the Haringhata region samples were found as 55 ug/l in Ground water, 41 ug/l in Soil sample, 30 ug/l in Boro Rice, 20 ug/l in Wheat, 24 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Chakdaha region samples were found as 50 ug/l in Ground water, 44 ug/l in Soil sample, 35 ug/l in Boro Rice, 19 ug/l in Wheat, 25 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Ranaghat region samples were found as 56 ug/l in Ground water, 39 ug/l in Soil sample, 30 ug/l in Boro Rice, 20 ug/l in Wheat, 25 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Shantipur region samples were 55 ug/l in Ground water, 45 ug/l in Soil sample, 34 ug/l in Boro Rice, 25 ug/l in Wheat, 27 ug/l in Potato. Arsenic content in the Krishna Nagar region samples were found as 54 ug/l in Ground water, 43 ug/l in Soil sample, 32 ug/l in Boro Rice, 21 ug/l in Wheat, 24 ug/l in Potato.
Conclusion: This research reveals that Levels of arsenic content were highest in the groundwater compared to soil, in all the selected regions. The arsenic content in groundwater increases the arsenic contamination which affects serious threats to human health.
Keywords: Arsenic; toxicity; health effects; analysis
Article Details
References
Dahal, B. M., Fuerhacker, M., Mentler, A., Karki, K. B., Shrestha, R. R., & Blum, W. E. H. (2008). Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal. Environmental Pollution, 155,157– 163.
J.M., Mayer, A.B., Lauren, J.G., & Hassan, N. (2003). Food chain aspects of arsenic contamination in Bangladesh: Effects on quality and productivity of rice. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, 38, 1–69.
Fitz, W. J., & Wenzel, W.W. (2002). Arsenic transformations in the soil–rhizosphere–plant system: Fundamentals and potential application to phytoremediation. Journal of Biotechnology, 99,259–278.
Flynn, H. C., Mahon, V. M., Diaz, G. C., Demergasso, C. S., Corbisier, P., &Meharg, A. A. (2002). Assessment of bioavailable arsenic and copper in soils and sediments from the Antofagasta region of northern Chile. Science of the Total Environment, 286, 51–59.
Ghosh, A. K., Bhattacharyya, P., & Pal, R. (2004). Effect of arsenic contamination on microbial biomass and its activities in arsenic contaminated soils of Gangetic West Bengal, India. Environment International, 30(4), 491–499.
Guha-Mazumder, D. N., Haque, R., Ghose, N., De, B. K., Santra, A., & Chakraborty, D. (2000). Arsenic in drinking water and the prevalence of respiratory effects in West Bengal, India. International Journal of Epidemiology, 29, 1047–1052.
Huang, R. Q., Gao, S. F., Wang, W. L., Staunton, S., & Wang, G. (2006). Soil arsenic availability and the transfer of soil arsenic to crops in suburban areas in Fujian Province, southeast China. Science of the Total Environment, 368,
–541.
Islam, M. R., Jahiruddin, M., Rahman, G. K. M. M., Miah, M.A. M., Farid, A. T. M., Panaullah, G. M., et al. (2004). Assessment of arsenic in the water-soil-plant systems in Gangetic flood plains of Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 3, 489–493.
Lee-Feldstein, A. (1986). Cumulative exposure to arsenic and its relationship to respiratory cancer among copper smelter employees. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 28,296–302.
Lehoczky E´, Ne´meth T, Kiss Z, Szalai T (2002) Heavy metal uptake by ryegrass, lettuce and white mustard plants on different soils. In: 17th WCSS, 14–21 August, Thailand. Symp. No. 60, Paper No. 1953.
Liao XY, Chen TB, Xie H, Liu YR (2005) Soil As contamination and its risk assessment in areas near the industrial districts of Chenzhou city, southern China. Environmental 791–798.
Liu, W. X., Shen, L. F., Liu, J. W., Wang, Y. W., & Li, S. R. (2007). Uptake of toxic heavy metals by rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in the agricultural soil near Zhengzhou city, People's Republic of China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79,209–213.
Mandal, B. K., & Suzuki, K. T. (2002). Arsenic round the world: A review. Talanta, 58, 201–235.
McArthur, J. M., Ravenscroft, P., Safiullah, S., & Thirlwall, S. M. F. (2001). Arsenic in groundwater: Testing pollution mechanisms for sedimentary aquifers in Bangladesh. Water Resources Research, 37, 109–117.
Meharg, A. A. (2004). Arsenic in rice-understanding a new disaster for South-East Asia. Trends in Plant Science, 9, 415–417.
Mitra, A. K., Bose, B. K., Kabir, H., Das, B. K., & Hussain, M. (2002). Arsenic-related health problems among hospital patients in southern Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 20, 198–204.
Morales, K. H., Ryan, L., Kuo, T. L., Wu, M. M., & Chen, C. J. (2000). Risk of internal cancers from arsenic in drinking water. Environmental Health Perspectives,108,655–661.
Nickson, R. T., McArthur, J. M., Ravenscroft, P., Burgess, W. G., & Ahmed, K. M. (2000). Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bengal. Applied Geochemistry, 15,403–413.
Norra, S., Berner, Z. A., Agarwala, P., Wagner, F., Chandrasekharam, D., & Stüben, D. (2005). Impact of irrigation with arsenic rich groundwater on soil and crops: A geochemical case study in West Bengal deltaplain, India. Applied Geochemistry, 20,1890–1906.
Ohno, K., Yanase, T., Matsuo, Y., Kimura, T., Rahman, M. H., Magara, Y., et al. (2007). Arsenic intake via water and food by a population living in an arsenic-affected area of Bangladesh. Science of the Total Environment,381,68– 76.
Pal, A., Nayak, B., Das, B., Hossain, M. A., Ahmed, S., & Chakraborty, D. (2007). Additional danger of arsenic exposure through inhalation from burning of cow dung cake laced with arsenic as a fuel in arsenic affected villages in Ganga-Meghna-Brahmaputra plain. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 9, 1067–1070.
Pandey, P. K., Yadav, S., Nair, S., & Bhui, A. (2002). Arsenic contamination of the environment: a new perspective from central-east India. Environment International, 28,235–245
Rahman, M. (2002). Arsenic and contamination of drinking- water in Bangladesh: A public-health perspective. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition,20,193–197.
Rahman, M. A., Hasegawa, H., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. A., & Miah, M. A. M. (2007). Accumulation of arsenic in tissues of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and its distribution in fractions of rice grain. Chemosphere, 69,942–948.
Roy chowdhury, T., Uchino, T., Tokunaga, H., & Ando, M. (2002). Survey of arsenic in food composites from arsenic affected area of West Bengal, India. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40,1611–1621.
Roy chowdhury, T., Tokunaga, H., Uchino, T., & Ando, M. (2005). Effect of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on agricultural land, soil and plants in West Bengal, India. Chemosphere, 58,799–810.
Smedley, P. L., & Kinniburgh, D. G. (2001). A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Applied Geochemistry, 17, 517–568.
Smith, A. H., Lingas, E. O., & Rahman, M. (2000). Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangla- desh: A public health emergency. Bull World Health Org, 78, 1093–1103.
Srivastava, A. K., Hasan, S. K., & Srivastava, R. C. (2001). Arsenicism in India: dermal lesions and hair levels.Archives of Environmental Health, 56, 562.
Stüben, D., Berner, Z., Chandra sekharam, D., & Karmakar, J. (2003). Arsenic enrichment in groundwater of West Bengal, India: Geochemical evidence for mobilization of As under reducing conditions. Applied Geochemistry, 18, 1417–1434.
Pandey, P. K., Yadav, S., Nair, S., & Bhui, A. (2002). Arsenic contamination of the environment: a new perspective from central-east India. Environment International, 28,235–245
Rahman, M. (2002). Arsenic and contamination of drinking- water in Bangladesh: A public-health perspective. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition,20,193–197.
Rahman, M. A., Hasegawa, H., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. A., & Miah, M. A. M. (2007). Accumulation of arsenic in tissues of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and its distribution infractions of rice grain. Chemosphere, 69,942–948.
Roy chowdhury, T., Uchino, T., Tokunaga, H., & Ando, M. (2002). Survey of arsenic in food composites from arsenic affected area of West Bengal, India. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40,1611–1621.
Roy chowdhury, T., Tokunaga, H., Uchino, T., & Ando, M. (2005). Effect of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on agricultural land, soil and plants in West Bengal, India. Chemosphere, 58,799–810.
Smith, A. H., Lingas, E. O., & Rahman, M. (2000). Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangla- desh: A public health emergency. Bull World Health Org, 78, 1093–1103.
Srivastava, A. K., Hasan, S. K., & Srivastava, R. C. (2001). Arsenicism in India: dermal lesions and hair levels. Archives of Environmental Health, 56, 562.
Stüben, D., Berner, Z., Chandrasekharam, D., & Karmakar, J. (2003). Arsenic enrichment in groundwater of West Bengal, India: Geochemical evidence for mobilization of As under reducing conditions. Applied Geochemistry, 18,
–1434.
Warren, G. P., Alloway, B. J., Lepp, N. W., Singh, B., Bochereau, F. J. M., & Penny, C. (2003). Field trials to assess the uptake of arsenic by vegetables from contaminated soils and soil remediation with iron oxides. Science of the Total Environment, 311, 19–33.
Williams, P. N., Islam, M. R., Raab, A., Hossain, S. A., & Meharg, A. A. (2006). Increase in rice grain arsenic for regions of Bangladesh irrigating paddies with elevated arsenic in ground water. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 4903–4908.
Mandal, B. K., & Suzuki, K. T. (2002). Arsenic round the world: A review. Talanta, 58, 201–235.
McArthur, J. M., Ravenscroft, P., Safiullah, S., & Thirlwall, S. M. F. (2001). Arsenic in groundwater: Testing pollution mechanisms for sedimentary aquifers in Bangladesh. Water Resources Research, 37, 109–117.
Meharg, A. A. (2004). Arsenic in rice-understanding a new disaster for South-East Asia. Trends in Plant Science, 9, 415–417.
Meharg, A. A., & Rahman, M. M. (2003). Arsenic contamination of Bangladesh paddy field soil: Implication for rice contribution to arsenic consumption. Environmental Sci-ence and Technology, 37(2), 224–234.
Mitra, A. K., Bose, B. K., Kabir, H., Das, B. K., & Hussain, M. (2002). Arsenic-related health problems among hospital patients in southern Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 20, 198–204.
Morales, K. H., Ryan, L., Kuo, T. L., Wu, M. M., & Chen, C.J. (2000). Risk of internal cancers from arsenic in drinking water. Environmental Health Perspectives,108,655–661.Nickson,
R. T., McArthur, J. M., Ravenscroft, P., Burgess, W. G., & Ahmed, K. M. (2000). Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bengal. Applied Geochemistry, 15,403–413.
Norra, S., Berner, Z. A., Agarwala, P., Wagner, F., Chandrasekharam, D., & Stüben, D. (2005). Impact of irrigation with arsenic rich groundwater on soil and crops: A geochemical case study in West Bengal deltaplain, India. Applied Geochemistry, 20, 1890–1906.
Ohno, K., Yanase, T., Matsuo, Y., Kimura, T., Rahman, M. H., Magara, Y., et al. (2007). Arsenic intake via water and food by a population living in an arsenic-affected area of Bangladesh. Science of the Total Environment, 381, 68–76.