State Livelihood and Trible Community: A Cross-sectional Sociological Study

Abstract

This research article explores the intersection of state livelihood programs and tribal communities, focusing on their socio-economic conditions and the challenges they face in accessing state support. Tribal communities in India, despite constitutional protections and numerous welfare initiatives, remain one of the most marginalized groups. The study delves into various government schemes like MGNREGA, the Forest Rights Act, and the National Rural Livelihood Mission, assessing their impact on the livelihoods of tribal populations. By analyzing case studies from Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand, this article highlights the barriers to effective implementation, such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, geographical isolation, and cultural dissonance. Through a sociological lens, the paper examines how development-induced displacement, loss of traditional livelihoods, and systemic exclusion hinder the long-term sustainability of these programs. The article concludes by proposing participatory development strategies, strengthening legal protections, and ensuring sustainable livelihood models tailored to the specific needs of tribal communities, aiming for an inclusive approach to development.