“Relevance Of Sushruta’s Anatomical Insight In Modern Surgical Incision Techniques: A Literature Review”

Abstract

Background: Sushruta, known as the Father of Surgery, provided intricate knowledge of human anatomy and precise descriptions of surgical procedures including various types of incisions (chedana). His classification of incisions—based on location, direction, depth, and healing response—forms a foundational basis for ancient Indian surgical principles. In the contemporary era, surgical incision techniques have evolved with a focus on minimizing tissue trauma, reducing infection, and optimizing healing, yet many parallels exist between classical Ayurvedic surgical principles and modern methodologies. Aim: To evaluate the relevance and applicability of Sushruta’s anatomical and surgical knowledge in the context of modern surgical incision practices. Objectives: To explore Sushruta’s descriptions of anatomical planes and incision methods. To compare traditional Ayurvedic surgical principles with modern surgical approaches. To assess the clinical significance of ancient techniques in present-day surgical practice. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative literature review using data sourced from classical Ayurvedic texts such as Sushruta Samhita, and peer-reviewed modern surgical literature. Databases like PubMed, Scopus, and AYUSH Research Portal were explored using keywords related to Sushruta, anatomical dissection, incision techniques, and surgery. A comparative thematic analysis was used to correlate ancient and modern surgical practices. Results: The review identified significant convergence between Sushruta’s categorization of incisions (tiryak, chinna, viddha, etc.) and modern surgical principles such as Langer’s lines, safe incision zones, and tissue-handling techniques. His emphasis on precise anatomical localization, minimal trauma, and healing dynamics is reflected in today’s minimally invasive and reconstructive surgical methods. Notably, Sushruta’s surgical planning corresponds with current practices in plastic surgery, ENT, and general surgery. Conclusion: Sushruta’s anatomical and surgical acumen provides enduring value in the modern surgical context. His systematic approach to incision planning, based on functional anatomy, supports a refined understanding of contemporary surgical principles. Integration of classical insights can offer holistic surgical perspectives and promote interdisciplinary surgical education.