Effects Of Smoking On Clinical Measures And Development Of Disease In Ocular Inflammatory Disorders: A Multicenter Cohort Study
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Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between smoking and the clinical progression of the ocular inflammatory diseases.
Methods: In our study we did retrospective study in a multicenter cohort of 1500 non-infectious ocular inflammation cases in patients. The status of smoking was divided into current, former, and never smoker. The primary outcomes were time to disease quiescence and time to recurrence, which were measured by the Cox proportional hazards models. The baseline visual acuity, the laterality of inflammation, and subtype of disease were measured.
Findings: Smoking current smokers were in worse baseline visual acuity, bilateral inflammation, and disease recurrence rate. The outcomes of the former smokers were similar to non-smokers and this indicated that this could be reversed. The likelihood of relapse and 60 percent increased risk of mortality were found to be 1727 percent higher in smokers. The multivariate analysis also confirmed that bilateral disease and older age had an impact on disease quiescence, whereas smoking was also a significant factor in adverse outcomes.
Conclusions: Smoking is one of the major modifiable risk factors of ocular inflammation. Stopping could lead to better visual results, lower the rate of relapse and live longer.
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References
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